2018届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修一
Module 6
知识详解
① contain vt. 包含;包括,里面装有;含有;忍住,抑制 (回归课本P51>A CDROM is a separate disk that contains lots of information.0UF2PgF9lx CDROM是一个包含了很多信息的单独的磁盘。 contain oneself自制
be contained between包含于……间,(夹>在……间 container n.容器,集装箱 【归纳总结】
①(高考陕西卷>Many spam emails contain computer viruses that
can
shut
down
the
entire
network
of
a
company.0UF2PgF9lx 很多垃圾邮件包含有计算机病毒,它能使一个公司的整个网络关闭。 ②He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself. 0UF2PgF9lx 他激动得不能自已。
③The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world,which contains a lot of fruit and vegetables.中国饮食被认为是世界上最健康的,里面含有大量的水果和蔬菜。0UF2PgF9lx 【例句探源】
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contain,include
(1>contain通常用来指某个容器中盛有某物、装有某物,还指某种物质中含有某成分或含有其他物质。指作为组成部分而被“包含”或“容纳”在内。0UF2PgF9lx (2>include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内。在句中常以sth.included或including sth.形式出现。0UF2PgF9lx 【易混辨析】
①How much water does this bottle contain?
②Everyone here,including old people,took part in the fight against the flood.0UF2PgF9lx ③You are included among my friends. 【即境活用】
1.He was worried,because he lost his bag________his passport,ID card and a lot of money.0UF2PgF9lx A.included B.including C.contained
D.containing
解读:选D。contain“装有”,与bag构成逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用containing.句意:他很担心,因为他丢了装有护照、身份证和一大笔钱的包。0UF2PgF9lx 2.Little Johnny felt the bag,curious to know what it____________.0UF2PgF9lx A.collected B.contained
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C.loaded D.saved
解读:选B。句意:小Johnny摸了一下袋子,想知道里面装着什么东西。collect收集,搜集;contain含有,装有;load装载;save节省。0UF2PgF9lx ② access n. 接近,通路;接近(或进入>的方法,到达(或进入、使用、走访>的权利(或机会>0UF2PgF9lx vt. 存(数据>;取(数据>;存取;访问;接近,使用
(回归课本P52>...to access information from millions of websites via the Internet.0UF2PgF9lx ……通过因特网从数以百万的网站上获取信息。 access to接近……的机会,进入……的权利
have/get/gain/obtain access to 得以接近,得以会见,得以进入 accessible adj. 可到达的,可进入的;可理解的
be accessible to 易接近的;能进入的;可以理解的【注意】以上to为介词,后接名词、动名词。0UF2PgF9lx 【归纳总结】
①Across the world,1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.0UF2PgF9lx 全世界有11亿人无法获取干净的饮用水。
②The only access to that cottage is across the farmland.0UF2PgF9lx 到达农舍的唯一通路是穿过农田。
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③The Internet allows computer users to access information needed from the web.0UF2PgF9lx 因特网使得计算机用户可以到网站上去获取所需信息。 ④A manager should be accessible to his staff. 经理应该让职员感到平易近人。 【例句探源】
3.(高考浙江卷>The system has been designed to give students quick and easy________to the digital resources of the library.0UF2PgF9lx A.access B.passage C.way
D.approach
解读:选A。句意是:这个系统是用来让学生更快更容易地使用图书室的数据资源。此句要用access构成give sb.access to...短语,意为“使某人使用……”。passage通过;通道;approach接近;通道。0UF2PgF9lx 【即境活用】
4.(高考江西卷>Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be________to the kids.0UF2PgF9lx A.accessible C.acceptable
B.relative D.sensitive
解读:选A。句意是:弗兰克把药放在了最高层的抽屉中,是为了确保它不被孩子接触到。此句要用accessible表示“容易取得的;容
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易接近的”。relative相关的;acceptable可接受的;sensitive敏感的。0UF2PgF9lx ③ design vt.& vi. 设计,构思;计划,谋划 n. 计划;企图;设计;意图;构思
(回归课本P52> He designed the first “web browser”,which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.0UF2PgF9lx 他设计了第一个“网络浏览器”,可以让电脑用户从其他电脑上获取文件。 【归纳总结】
design...for...为……设计……;为……拟定……
be designed for.../to do sth. 打算给……用的;目的是…… by design 有意地,故意地
①We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.0UF2PgF9lx 我们设计的所有银行卡都可以让你的生活更加便捷。 ②The
law
was
designed
to
protect
abandoned
children.0UF2PgF9lx 这项法律旨在保护被遗弃的儿童。
③This kind of dictionary is designed for English beginners.0UF2PgF9lx 这种字典是打算给英语初学者使用的。
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【例句探源】
④I don’t know whether they did it by accident or by design.0UF2PgF9lx 我不知道他们这样做是偶然地,还是故意地。 ⑤Looking
forward
to
receiving
your
creative
designs!0UF2PgF9lx 期待收到大家有创意的设计!
5.These exercises are________develop and strengthen muscles,so we all like to do.0UF2PgF9lx A.designed for C.designed to
B.designing to D.designing for
解读:选C。由题干可知design与主语之间是动宾关系,所以排除B、D两项,又因为develop为动词原形,排除A项,正确答案为C。0UF2PgF9lx 【即境活用】
6.Scientists have developed a new system ________to give a warning seconds before an earthquake.0UF2PgF9lx A.having been designed B.designed C.to design
D.designing
解读:选B。句意是:科学家们已开发出一个新的系统,这个系统被设计成在地震发生前几秒发出警报。此句要用过去分词形式designed作后置定语修饰system,表示“被设计用来……”。0UF2PgF9lx - 6 - / 16
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④ concentrate v. 集中(注意力、思想等>;集中于一点;汇合 (回归课本P54>Concentrate on the good things about the Internet.0UF2PgF9lx 关注网上的好东西。
concentrate on/upon sth.集中精力于/全神贯注于…… concentrate one’s attention/efforts/...on... 把注意力/精力/……集中于……
concentrate oneself on...集中精力于…… concentration n.专心,专注,集中;汇集 with concentration聚精会神
concentrated adj.专心致志的;紧张的;密集的 【归纳总结】
①I can’t concentrate on my studies with the football match on.0UF2PgF9lx 足球赛在进行,我无法专注地学习。
②A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.0UF2PgF9lx 开车时驾驶员的注意力应集中在路上。
③He should concentrate on getting good results in mathematics.0UF2PgF9lx 他应该集中精力提高数学成绩。
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④(牛津P407>In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles’s reign.0UF2PgF9lx 这一节课我将着重讲查理王朝的早期统治时期。 【例句探源】
7.As a senior high student,I think you should________your attention on your skills of learning.0UF2PgF9lx A.spend B.pay C.use
D. concentrate
解读:选D。考查动词辨析。spend...on...“花费……在……”,不合句意;pay attention后接介词to而不是on;use无此搭配;concentrate...on...“集中注意力于……”。0UF2PgF9lx 【即境活用】
⑤ consist of 由……组成(通常不用进行时及被动语态> (回归课本P52>It consists of millions of pages of data. 它是由几百万页数据资料组成的。 【归纳总结】
① Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.0UF2PgF9lx 生活中不仅有阳光,还有艰难困苦的时候。
②The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.0UF2PgF9lx 威尼斯的美很大程度上在于城中古建筑物的风格。
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【例句探源】 8.用适当的介词填空
(1>The true wealth does not consist ________ what we have,but ________ what we are.0UF2PgF9lx 答案:in;in
(2>The United Nations Organisation consists ________ over 160 nations.0UF2PgF9lx 答案:of
(3>His actions don’t consist ________ his words. 答案:with 【即境活用】
⑥ as well 也;另外,而且
(回归课本P52> It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.0UF2PgF9lx 然后,大学使用这种系统也成为可能。 【归纳总结】
as well as 意为“和,同”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致;还可表示“和……一样好”。句句末,表示“还,也”等意思。
as well常用于肯定
may/might as well表示请求、
建议,might比may语气更委婉,意思是“最好,何不,不妨”等。0UF2PgF9lx - 9 - / 16
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①We’re going to the cinema tonight,why don’t you come along as well?0UF2PgF9lx 我们今晚去看电影,你为什么不一起去?
②Of course,I’ll do some reading for fun,and for knowledge as well.0UF2PgF9lx 当然,我会读些书,为了消遣,也为了获取知识。
③(高考重庆卷>Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.0UF2PgF9lx 科学可以成为善的推动力,也可以成为恶的推动力。 【例句探源】
9.________the danger from another attack of earthquake,people had to overcome a shortage of food,drinking water,medicine,clothing and almost everything.0UF2PgF9lx A.As far as B.As well as C. As bad as
D.As much as
解读:选B。句意:人们要克服的困难既包括食物、饮用水、药品、衣物等短缺,还包括再一次地震的危险。as well as“除……之外也……”。0UF2PgF9lx 【即境活用】
⑦ come up with 提出/想出(计划、方案等>;赶上
(回归课本P52>He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.0UF2PgF9lx - 10 - / 16
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1989年他在瑞士工作时,提出了万维网的构想。 come across偶遇,偶然发现 come true实现 come out出版;出来 come about发生
come to来到(某地>;加起来总共;恢复知觉
come up走近,走上
前;上楼,上来;(从土中>长出;被提出,被提及0UF2PgF9lx when it comes to...涉及;谈到 【归纳总结】
①You can always trust him to come up with a solution to any difficult problem.0UF2PgF9lx 你可以一直相信他能想出任何难题的解决方法。
②The bus came up with the truck and tried to pass it.0UF2PgF9lx 那辆公共汽车赶上了那辆货车并试图超过它。
③The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club.0UF2PgF9lx 你首先应该构思一下你的俱乐部大致是什么样。 【例句探源】
10.—Have you________some new ideas? —Yeah.I’ll tell you later.
A.come about B.come into
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C.come up with D.come out with
解读:选C。句意:——你提出了什么新想法吗?——噢,以后我会告诉你的。come about发生;come into进入,加入;come up with提出;come out with发表,公布。根据句意应为“提出”,故选C。0UF2PgF9lx 【即境活用】
11.—Don’t bother me.I’m thinking of something.
—I know you want to__________some topics for your project,but you should have a rest first.0UF2PgF9lx A.think B.put up C.come up with
D.turn up
解读:选C。think 后加of/out表示“想出,想到”;put up“举起,搭起”;come up with“想出,提出”;turn up“出现”。根据句意,可知C项为正确答案。0UF2PgF9lx 句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet,not just universities and the army.(P52>0UF2PgF9lx 贝尔纳斯·李让每个人都能使用因特网成为可能,而不仅仅是大学和军队。
【句法分析】 made it possible属于“make+宾语+宾补”,其中的宾补由名词、形容词、省略to的动词不定式和过去分词充当。如
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果宾语是不定式或宾语从句时,要用it作形式宾语,把不定式和宾语从句放到句末。0UF2PgF9lx ①We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.0UF2PgF9lx 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。 ②I made it a rule to walk 2 kilometers a day. 我固定每天步行两公里路。
③We thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.0UF2PgF9lx 我们认为把孩子独自一个人留在家里是不对的。
④I consider it no use quarrelling with him about it.0UF2PgF9lx 我认为和他争吵这件事情是没用的。
⑤You must keep it in mind that you are a student and you should obey the school rules.0UF2PgF9lx 你一定要记住:你是一个学生,应该遵守学校的规定。
12.(高考辽宁卷>The fact that she was foreign made__________difficult for her to get a job in that country.0UF2PgF9lx A.so B.much C.that
D.it
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解读:选D。句意:她是外国人这个事实使她很难在那个国家找到工作。it作make 的形式宾语,不定式是真正的宾语。0UF2PgF9lx 【即境活用】
② 【教材原句】 Our English teacher is excellent,but she can’t
help
everyone
in
the
class
in
50
minutes.(P56>0UF2PgF9lx 我们的英语老师非常优秀,但她不能在50分钟内帮助每一个人。 【句法分析】 (1>有些表示全体意义的词与not连用表示部分否定,如代词all,both以及all,both,whole,every所修饰的名词词组,包括every所构成的复合代词。0UF2PgF9lx (2>有些副词如altogether,always,entirely,wholly,quite 等,以及含有all,both,whole,every等的副词词性的词组,在句中作状语,若句中含有not,则本句表示部分否定,而非全部否定。0UF2PgF9lx (3>若句中有none,neither,no,never时则表示全部否定。 ①All that glitters is not gold .[谚]闪光的未必都是金子。 ②Both of the sisters don’t like the film. 姐妹俩并非都喜欢这部电影。
③Not everything went well with me.我并非事事都顺利。 ④The rich men are not always happy.有钱的人并非总是幸福。 ⑤None of the books are useful.这些书都没用。 ⑥Neither of them can speak English.
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他们俩都不会讲英语。
13.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?0UF2PgF9lx —Actually I didn’t like________. A.both of them B.either of them C.none of them
D.neither of them
解读:选B。句意:——这两个电子游戏你更喜欢哪一个?——实际上我两个都不喜欢。not...either...“两者都不……”,是全部否定,相当于neither;not...both“两个并不都是……”,是半否定,不合语境;none指代三者及以上,和第一句中的the two computer games相矛盾;D项意思相反。0UF2PgF9lx 【即境活用】
14.It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which________of the parents spoke the language.0UF2PgF9lx A.none C.both
B.neither D.each
解读:选B。句意:他在这样一个家庭里学习英语很难,因为在这个家庭里父母双方都不说英语。根据题干中的the parents,可排除A项(三者或三者以上都不>;C项指“两者都”;D项指“两者或两者以上每个人/物”,由于C、D两项都表肯定意思,也被排除。neither指“两个都不”。 0UF2PgF9lx
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